Electromagnetic control means to tune organ pipes to just pitch



Oct. I10, 1950 A. J. cHAsE 2,525,524

ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL N11-:ANS To TUNE oRGAN PIPES To JUST FITCH 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 21, 1948 Arron'n/Eys Kou'mpma/ .MS s DQ Q2 im [I HHII Oct. 10, 1950 A. J. CHASE A 2,525,524

' Emc'rRoMAGNETIc connor. MEANS To TUNE ORGAN PIPES To JUST vFITCH Filed June 21, 1948 5 sheets-sheet 2 l /NVE/V'R A R ruw? J CHASE sr .1l/m MW, @Mdm 'wt ATTORNE'YJ Oct. l0, 1950 A. CHASE 2,525,524

EwcmouGNETc-conmor. MEANS To 'runs n 0R AN PIPEs To JUST FITCH Filed June 21,

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ww, NNE

Sum,

nwe/v raf? Afef-Hue J C' H1955 .dun/mul AT TRNE V5 Filed June 21, 1948 Oct. l0, 1950, A. J. CHASEl 2,525,524

ELECTROMAGNETICQCONTROL MEANS 'ro TUNE .oRGAN PIPEs vTo vJus'r FITCH I 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 By Afm Pom'rw/Mwad/ TTORNEY Oct. 10, 1950 "NJ CHASE 2,525,524

. Emc'rRolAGNE'rIccoNTRoL MEANS To TUNE A K .r -1' oRGAN PIPEs Td Jus'r FITCH. Filed NSN 2l. 1918 5 She'ets-Sheet 5 7| ff my, f, l ffy Y "m i f" Uf/ @20T-2m @ggf-;

M 5 ir AIve-Nro@ Ann-fue d CLI/,4.55

f By A malg/degimdyawwamw ATTRNEYJ Patented Oct. 10, 1950 UNITED ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL MEANS TO TUNE ORGAN PIPES TO JUST FITCH Arthur James Chase, Los Angeles, Calif.

Application June 21, 1948, Serial No. 34,257

9 Claims.

This invention relates to pipe organs in general. More particularly, this invention relates to pipe organs in which the pipes may be automatically tuned to just pitch in different keys.

An object of this invention is to provide an organ with an electro-magnetic control which can be set to tune the organ pipes to just pitch.

Another object of this invention is to provide an organ with manual devices to operate a control that tunes the organ pipes to just pitch in different keys.

A further object of this invention is to provide an organ with manual devices to operate electromechanically controlled shades that automatically tune the organ pipes to just pitch in Whatever key the organ player decides to play.

Still another object of this invention is to provide an arrangement whereby an organ may be tuned to play in a scale in whichpall intervals are perfect intervals and which may be changed to any key.

Another object of this invention is to provide solenoid controlled shades on organ pipes to change the tuning of the organ pipes from the tonic to supertonic, mediant, sub-dominant, dominant and sub-mediant chords, all correct in any given key in each of the octaves of the organ.

A further object of this invention is to provide a solenoid for controlling the shade of an organ pipe, the solenoid having an armature with a central cylindrical portion and tapered end portions extending axially of the solenoid.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a multiple section solenoid winding and armature associated therewith for controlling the shade of an organ pipe, said armature having a central cylindrical section smaller in width than the width of one of the solenoid sections, said armature also having tapered portions extending from said cylindrical section making it possible for the armature to make a dead stop in the solenoid section that is energized. c

Other and further objects of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which it relates from the following specification, claims and drawings. y

In accordance With this invention there is provided an electro-magnetic control for the shades employed with the pipes of a pipe organ for the purpose of raising or lowering the pitch to the perfect interval or just pitch in any desired key. The electro-magnetic control of this invention employs a plurality of seven section sclenoids each provided with an armature to control the shade associated with the corresponding organ pipe. The sections of Veach'oi the solenoids are connected to selected contacts of thirteen electromagnetic switches that are controlled by tablets designated by the legends C, D dat, D, E flat, E, F, F sharp or G flat, G, A at, A, B flat, B or C flat and equal tempered, respectively, whereby the tuning shades associated with the organ pipes may be controlled by said tablets to tune the organ pipes to just pitch or perfect intervals in any of the keys designated on said tablets. Other features of this invention will be described in detail in the following specification and illustrated in the drawings in which, briefly:

Figures l, 2, 3 and 4 when taken together illustrate a schematic wiring diagram of part of an embodiment of this organ control;

Figure 5 is a detailed view showing a multiple section solenoid organ pipe shade control;

Figure 6 is a view taken along the line 6-6 of Figure 7;

Figure 7 is a detailed View showing the multiple section solenoid for controlling an organ pipe taken along the line 1-1 of Figure 5;

Figure 8 is a view of the guides supporting the tuning tablet on the organ pipe; and,

Figure 9 is a side view of a closed organ pipeshowing the tuning shade positioned on the mouth thereof.

Referring to Figures l, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawing, these gures when arranged with the righthand edge of Figure 1 against the lefthand edge of Figure 2 and with the righthand edge of Figure 2 against the lefthand edge of Figure 3 and with the righthand edge of Figure 3 against the lefthand edge of Figure 4 constitute a partial schematic wiring diagram of this electromagnetic organ control. c

In this specification the items shown in Figure 1 are designated by reference numerals between |00 and |99; the items shown in Figure 2 are designated by reference numerals between 200 and 299; the items shown in Figure 3 are designated by reference numerals between 300 and 399; and the items shown in Figure 4 are designated by reference numerals between 400 and 499.

In Figure 1 there is illustrated the open ends of a series of twenty-five organ pipes |00 to |24 inclusive, and associated with the open ends of these organ pipes are a series of shades 00a to |24a inclusive, respectively. The pipes |00 to |24 inclusive comprise two octaves, the .pipe |00 being middle C, pipe ||2 corresponding to the C one octave above middle C and the lpipe |24 correspondingto C two roctaves above middle C', for example. In this scale the pipe |0| corresponds to D flat; pipe |02 corresponds to D; pipe |03, E ilat; pipel, E; pipe |05, F; pipe |06, G flat; pipe |01, G; pipe |08, A flat; pipe |09, A; pipe Hl, B flat; pipe l I, B. Taking the next octave 3 beginning with pipe ||2 which is C, pipe ||3 corresponds to D flat, etc.

A plurality of multiple section solenoids 25 to |49 inclusive are associated with the organ pipe shades lla to |2411 inclusive, respectively. While each of these solenoids is illustrated as made up of seven sections, that is, seven windings placed side by side on a common axis, a lesser number such as ve sections may be used, if desired. A terminal wire or lead of each of the seven solenoid sections of each of the solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive is connected to a common conductor |50. The other seven terminal wires or leads of each of the solenoid sections of each of the solenoids are connected to conductors in a cable that leads to terminals on one of the corresponding boards 200 to 224 inclusive, shown in Figure 2. The cables |5| to |15 inclusive, each of which is provided with seven conductors which may be coded are employed for this purpose. The seven conductors of cable |5| are connected to the seven sections respectively, of solenoid 25, and likewise the seven conductors of cable |52 are connected to the seven sections respectively, of the solenoid |26, etc.

The solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive are proH vided with armatures |25a to |49@ inclusive, respectively, that are mechanically connected to the corresponding organ pipe shades by suitable adjustable screws. Thus, the solenoid |25 is provided with an armature |25a, one end of which is connected to the shade |c. Solenoid |25` is provided with an armature |26a that is coupled to the shade |0|a, etc. Each of the armatures per se may be considered as consisting of three sections, namely a central cylindrical section that is substantially shorter than the width of one of the seven solenoid sections, and two tapered sections extending along the axis of the correspondingr solenoid on each side of the central cylindrical section. These features ,of construction will be described in detail hereinafter.

The pipes |09 to |24 inclusive are made of gradually decreasing cross-sectional area inasmuch as the frequencies of these pipes increase in accordance with a predetermined musical scale as previously described. Consequently the shades |00@ to |24a are made gradually smaller and likewise the solenoids |25 to |49 are made gradually smaller and the armatures of these solenoids are also progressively reduced in size.

As pointed out above, one terminal of each of the seven sections of each of the solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive is connected to the common conductor |50 and this cond-uctor is connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source of supply |19 through the resistor |77. The positive terminal of the source of current supply |76 is connected to the resistor |18 and to the conductor |19 through this resistor.

The cables to |75V inclusive, respectively of Figure l, are connected to the terminal boards 200 to 224 inclusive, respectively, of Figure 2. It will be noted that one of the terminal boards 200 to 224, inclusive, is provided for each of the solenoids i 25 to |49, inclusive, and each of the boards 200 to 229, inclusive, consists of seven terminals connected to the respective coil sections of the aforesaid solenoids through the cables |5| to |15, inclusive, respectively. The terminals of the terminal boards 200 to 224, inclusive, are connected to selected contacts of different ones of 13 electro-magnetic switches. The two of these electro-magnetic switches. are illustrated, namely, electro-magnetic switch 225 shown in Figure 2 and electro-magnetic switch 300 shown in Figure 3. These electro-magnetic switches are manufactured by the Reisner Manufacturing Company of Hagerstown, Maryland, for pipe organ controls. A switch 225 is controlled by the C tablet 400 and switch 300 is controlled by the Ct or Db tablet 40|. As pointed out above, 13 electro-magnetic switches such as switches 225 and 300 are employed and these are connected to be controlled by the manual tablets 490 to 4| 2, inclusive, connections being provided between each of these tablets and the switches controlled thereby.

The switch 225 is provided with a plurality of leaf spring contacts 226 designated by the legends C, Db, D, Eb, E, F, Gb, G, Ab, A, Bb, B, C, Dl, D, Eb, E, F, Gb, G, Ab, A, Bb, B and C. It will be noted that the number of these leaf spring contacts provided to the switch is the same as the number of pipes |00 to |24, inclusive.

These leaf spring contacts 226 are soldered to pins 227 dcarried by the armature of slider 228 that is journaled in the bearings 229. This slider 228 is made of magnetic material and associated therewith is a solenoid 230 that is adapted to be energized through the conductor 23| when the C tablet 400 is depressed. When the solenoid 230 is energized it sets up a magnetic eld that attracts the armature 228 so that the leaf spring contacts 226 engage corresponding stationary contacts 232 supported by the insulation strip 233. The stationary contacts 232 are connected to different terminals of the terminal boards 200 to 224, inclusive. For example, proceeding from the left hand side of the diagram in Figure 2 the first stationary contact of the contact group 232 is connected to the fourth terminal of the board 200 and from this board to the fourth from the top solenoid section of the solenoid |25. The second contact of group 232 is connected to the third terminal of board 20| and to the third from the top section of the solenoid |26. The third contact of group 232 is connected to the sixth terminal of board 202 and to the sixth from the top section of solenoid |27. The fourth contact of group 232 is connected to the sixth terminal of board 203 and to the sixth from the top section of solenoid |28. The fifth contact of group 232 is connected to the rst terminal of board 204 and to the top section of solenoid |29. The sixth contact of group 232 is connected to the fourth terminal of board 205 and to the center section of solenoid |30. The seventh contact of group 232 is connected to the third terminal of board 20B and to the third section from the top of solenoid |3|. The eighth contactl of group 232 is connected to the seventh terminal of board 201 and to the top section of the solenoid |32. The ninth contact of group 232 is connected to the fourth terminal of the board 208 and to the central section of the solenoid |33. The tenth contact of group 232 is connected to the fifth terminal of board 209 and to the fth section of the solenoid |34. The contact of group 232 is connected to the fifth terminal of board 2|0 and to the fifth section of the solenoid |35. Contact |2 ofgroup 232 is connected to terminal 2 of the board 2|| and to the second section of solenoid |36. Contact |3 of group 232 is connected to terminal 4 of the board 2|2 and to the central section of solenoid 37. Contact |4 of group 232 is connected to terminal 3 of board 2| 3 and to the third section of solenoid |38, Contact 5 of group 232 is connected to terminal 6 of the board2l4'and tothe lsixth section of solenoid |39. Contact I6 of group 232 is connected to the sixth terminal of the board 2I5 and to the sixth section of solenoid |40. Contact I1 is connected to the rst terminal of board 2| 6 and to the iirst section of solenoid |4I. Contact I8 is connected to terminal 4 of the board 2|1 and to the central section of solenoid I 42. Contact I9 is connected to terminal 3 of the board 2| 8 and to the third section of solenoid |43. Contact is connected tothe seventh terminal of the board 2 I 9 and to the seventh section of solenoid |44. Contact 2| is connected to the fourth terminal oi the board 220 and to the central section of the solenoid |45. Contact 22 is connected to the iifth terminal of board 22| and to the fifth section'of solenoid |46. Contact 23 is connected to the iifth terminal of board 222 and to the ifth section of the solenoid |41. Contact 24 is connected to the sixth terminal of board 223 and to the sixth section of solenoid |48. Contact 25 is connected to the fourth terminal of the board-224 and to the central section of solenoid |49. v

As previously described one terminal of each of the sections of each of the solenoids |25 to I 49, inclusive, is connected to the current supply conductor 4|50 that'fin turn is connected to the negative terminal of the source of current supply |16 as shownin Figure l. terminal ofthe source of current supply I 16 is connected to the conductorr |19 of Figure l that is connected to conductor y213 of Figure 2 and it will be noted that this conductor 219 is connected. to all of the leaf springy contacts 226 of the switch 225. Consequently, when the switch 225 is closed, that is when the solenoid 230 is energized by closing the C tablet MII,` .the diff ferent coil sections of the solenoids'IZS to |49, inclusive, connected to the contact group 232 are energized and function to move the armatures |25/,1. to I 49a, inclusive, respectively, associated with these solenoids, so that the central cylindrical portions of these armatures will be centrally disposed with respect to the corresponding solenoid sections that are energized. As a resuit, the shades |00@ to I29a, inclusive, controlled by the armatures I25a to |49a, inclusive, respectively, will be moved to tune the pipes |00 to |24, inclusive, respectively, to just pitch in C.

As previously mentionedr an electro-magnetic switch such as the switch 225 is connected to be controlled by each of the yII-S'tablets 400 to 4I2,` inclusive. and the solenoid 232 of the switch 225 is connected by the wires 23m and 23|?) to lthe wires 319s and 330g, respectively of Figure 4s0 that the circuit to this lsolenoid 230 is closed when the contacts 400a and 400D of the C tablet are closed, in as much as closing these contacts closes the circuit between the wire 48| and the wire 419.

The Ct orDb tablet l|I is arranged `to control the contacts 40|a and 40Ib. Contacty 4I!Ia `is connected to the current supply conductor 419 and contact 40H9 is connected to the conductor 482 that is -connected to the conductor 382 leading to the solenoid 330 of the electro-magnetic switch 390. The conductor 383 connected to the solenoid 330 is connected to the supply conductors 483 and 480 of Figure 4 so that when the Db tablet 40| is depressed to close the contacts 40|a and 40|b thereof the solenoid 330 of the switch 300 is energized from the current supply source |16.

The switch 300 is the same as the switch 225 The positive I 6 and is likewise provided with 25 leaf spring contacts 326 attached to pins 321 carried by the armature 328 that is of magnetic material and is associated with the solenoid 330. All of the leaf spring contacts 326 are connected together to the current supply conductor 319. Associated with the contacts 326 are stationary contacts 332 supported by pins positioned on the insulation strip 333. The contact group 332 also includes V.25 contacts, that is, one contact for each of the solenoids |25 to |49, inclusive, the same as the electro-magnetic switch 225. However, the contacts of the group 332 are connected to sections of the solenoids |25 to |49, inclusive, such that when these sections are energized the magnetic elds thereof will move the solenoid armatures |25@ to |49a, inclusive, respectively, and the shades I00a to |2411, inclusive, respectively, associated with these armatures, to positions whereby the organ pipes |00 to |24, inclusive, are tuned to just pitch in Db.

Similarly an electro-magnetic switch is provided to be controlled by the D tablet 402 to en- 4ergize the solenoids |25 to |49, inclusive, so that these solenoids will move the respective armatures thereof to positions such that the shades I00a to I24a are adjusted with respect to the ends of the organ pipes |00 to |24 respectively whereby these pipes are tuned to just pitch in D. The tablet 403 is likewise arranged to control another switch that is connected to tune the pipes to just pitch in Eb. Tablet 404 controls the tuning of the pipes to just pitch in E and so on, tablets 405, 406, 401, 408, 409, 4!0 and 4II being connectedto electro-magnetic switches arranged to adjust the tuning of the pipes to just pitch in F, Gb, G, Ab, A, Bb, and Cb, respectively. The additional tablet 4I2 is provided for the purpose of adjusting the tuning shades |000, to I24a to positions whereby the pipes' |00 to |24 respectively are tuned to the equal tempered scale.

As pointed out hereinbefore, the solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive may each be made up of iive winding sections instead of seven sections. Numbering these five sections of each of the solenoids |25 to |49, inclusive, from to 5 beginning with the uppermost section, the winding sections 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, I, 2, I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, I, 2, and I of the solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive, respectively, are connected to be energized when C tablet 400 is depressed and thecontacts 40001l and 400b are closed so that the pipes |00; to |24 inclusive are tuned by the shades I00ct to |24a to the key of C major. When the D at tablet 40% is closed so that the pipes |00 to |24 are tuned to the key of D at by the shades |00@ to |2441., the coil sections I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, I, 2, I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, I, and 2 of the solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive, respectively are connected to be energized. Furthermore, if the pipes |00 to |24 are to be tuned to the key of D, the D tablet 402 is depressed so that coil sections 2, I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, I, 2, I, 3, 2, I', I, 4, 2, 5, 2 and I are energized and move the tuning shades to tune the pipes |00 to |24 inclusive, respectively, to the key of D. When the E flat tablet 403 is closed the coil sections I, 2, I, 3,2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5,2, |,'2, I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, and 2 of the sole-- noids |25 to y|49 inclusive, respectively, are energized. When the E tablet 404 is closed the coil sections 2, I, 2, I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, I, 2, I, 3, 2, I, 2, I, 4, 2 and 5 of the solenoids |25 to |49 inclusive, respectively, are energized. Closing F tablet 405 closes the circuit to coil sections 5, 2,

1', 2, 1, 3, 2,1, 2, I, 4, 2, 5, 2, 1, 2, I, 3, 2,1, 2,1, 4 and 2 of solenoids S25 to 14S inclusive, respectively. From the preceding illustrations, it will be observed that the solenoid sections are energized in a predetermined sequence by the tablets 400 to M2, inclusive to control the tuning of the pipes 100 to 124, inclusive, so that these pipes may be adjusted to produce different tones of the musical scale whereby the organ can be played in different keys simply by depressing different ones of the tablets 400 to 412. These tablets may be provided with suitable latches to hold them depressed until they are released so that the player need not hold them depressed while playing in the selected key.

In Figures 5, 6, '7, and 8, I have shown details or" construction of the solenoid, solenoid armature, tuning shade, and tuning shade guides provided to each of the organ pipes 00 to 124, inclusive. In Figure 5, the solenoid 500, provided with '7 sections 501 to 507, inclusive, is positioned inside of a housing 508 that is illustrated partly cut away to show the solenoid sections. The housing 508 is attached to the brackets 509 that support the solenoid on the member 510. rEhe center of the solenoid is provided with a tubular member 511 that forms a race for the central cylindrical section 512 of the armature 5l3. This central cylindrical section 512 is slightly shorter in length than the width of one of the coil sections 501 to 5051, inclusive, of the solenoid. Ta pered sections 514 and 515 are attached to each end of the central cylindrical section 512 of the armature. It has been found that by shapingr the armature 513 with a central cylindrical section 512 and tapered sections 5l4 and 5l5 that the armature movement may be more accurately controlled and the armature section may be caused to stop dead in the solenoid section that is energized.

The smaller end of the tapered section 515 is attached by means of an adjusting screw, turnbuckle or suitable leverage 51B to the tuning shade 51's', the sides of which are provided with suitable channels for engaging the guides 518 and 519 attached to the top or open end of the organ pipe 520. One end of the tuning shade 517 is partially cut away to form a V-shaped notch 525 to permit nner tuning adjustment of the pipes.

The V-shaped end of the tuning shade 511 is advanced over the opening end of the organ pipe when the solenoid 500 is energized and the position of the tuning shade 51'1 over the open end of the organ pipe 520 is determined by which section of the solenoid 500 is energized. If the section 501 is energized the tuning shade 51'1 is positioned over the open end of the pipe 520 so that the opening of the pipe 520 is entirely closed and the rf-shaped notch portion of the tuning shade will be all the way across the organ pipe. On the other hand, if the solenoid section 501 is energized, the tuning shade occupies the position with respect to the organ pipe 520 shown in Figures 5 and '7. When the solenoid sections 502 to 505 inclusive, are energized separately, the tuning shade 557 occupies positions over the organ pipe 520 intermediate between the positions occupied when the sections 501 and 50'1 are energized so that the mouth of the organ pipe 520 is not completely closed by the tuning shade 51'! when sections 502 to 506 inclusive, are energized. Thus, the tuning of the organ pipe 520 may be varied and controlled by energizing different ones of the solenoid sections 501 to 50'1, inclusive.

Generally before the tuning shades will tune the pipes exactly to the desired pitch, the edges 511a and 511D of the notch 521 must be led as shown by the dotted lines, for example. These tuning shades are positioned about 1/3 inch from the open pipe top for installations where 1/ inch of air pressure is employed on the pipes and when the shade covers the whole area of the pipe the flattest tone is produced. The position of the tuning shade varies with the wind pressure used which may be a low pressure of 1/2 inch or it may be a rather high pressure of 15 inches. However, the distance of the tuning shades is diminished gradually in the octaves above middle C so that at the higher frequencies it may be as short as 174,4 of an inch.

As previously described the seven sections of each of the solenoids are connected to be energized in accordance with predetermined patterns when the different tablets 400 to 412 are depressed so that the seven sections of the solenoids function to adjust the tuning of the respective pipes civ the organ whereby the organ may be played in diiTerent keys and the organ pipes tuned in perfect intervals. The keys in which the organ may be played are indicated on the tablets 400 to 412 inclusive. The tuning shades and solenoids may be made adjustable if desired; however, when once adjusted and tuned the adjustment is stable over long periods of time. Thereafter the seven sections of each of the solenoids function to tune the organ pipes into just pitch in the diierent keys, each key, of course, having the same sequence.

This invention is applicable to the vertical or stopped pipes as well as to the horizontal or open pipes. The horizontal or open pipes have been shown in Figure 1 and also in Figure 5, 'l and 8 and the vertical or stopped pipe is shown in Figure 9. The same solenoid arrangement 523 is employed with the stopped or vertical pipe 522 as is employed with the open pipe inasmuch as the solenoid 523 is also divided into seven sections as previously described. The end of the pipe 522 is stopped by the plug 524, and tuning shade 525 controls a side opening of the pipe 522. The armature 526 of the solenoid is biased by the spring 521 that functions to maintain the armature and tuning shade in the upper position when the solenoid 523 is not energized.

While I have described an embodiment of this invention in detail it is of course understood that I do not desire to limit it to the exact details set forth except insofar as they are defined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An apparatus for tuning the pipes of a pine organ to just pitch in different keys comprising a pipe organ having a plurality of pipes, said pipes being dimensioned to form a musical scale, a plurality of tuning shades, one of said tuning shades being associated with an opening of each of said pipes, a plurality of solenoids, each of said solenoids having an armature attached to one of said tuning shades, each of said solenoids having a plurality of windings positioned side by side in axial alignment such that when different sections of each of said solenoids are energized the corresponding tuning shade controlled thereby occupies a different position with respect to the organ pipe opening associated therewith, a plurality of tablet controlled switches, a plurality of electro-magnetic switches, each of said electromagnetic switches being connected to be controlled by a different one of said tablet controlled switches, each of said electro-magnetic switches being connected to control the energization of predetermined ones of said solenoid windings so that said tuning tablets may be shifted to predetermined positions to tune the corresponding` pipes to a predetermined key in just pitch upon the actuation of a predetermined one of said tablets.`

2. An apparatus for tuning the pipes of a pipe organ to just pitch in different keys comprising a pipe organ having a plurality of pipes, said pipes being dimensioned to form a musical scale, tuning means associated with each of said pipes, a plurality of solenoids, each of said solenoids having an armature attached to one of said tuning means, each vof said solenoids having means for variablyv controlling said tuning means associated therewith, a plurality of tablet controlled switches, a plurality of electro-magnetic switches, each of said electro-magnetic switches being connected to be controlled by a different one of said tablet controlled switches, each of said electro-magnetic switches being connected to control the energization of said solenoids so that said tuning means are energized to tune the corresponding pipes to a predetermined key in just pitch upon the actuation of a predetermined one of said tablets.

3. An apparatus for tuning an organ to just pitch in different vkeys comprising an organ having a plurality of sound producing elements, said elements being arranged to form a musical scale, a plurality of tuning devices, one of said tuning devices being associated with each oi said sound producing elements, a plurality of solenoids, each of said solenoids having an armature attached to one of said tuning devices, each of said solenoids having a plurality of windings positioned side by side in axial alignment such that when different sections of each of said solenoids are energized the corresponding tuning device controlled thereby affects the tuning of the corresponding sound producing element, a plurality of tablet controlledy switches, a plurality of electro-magnetic switches, each `of electro-magnetic switches being connected to be controlled by a different one of said tablet controlled switches, each of said electro-magnetic switches being connected to control the energization of predetermined ones of said solenoid wind- L ings so that said tuning devices may be caused to tune the corresponding sound producing elements to a predeterminedkey in just pitch upon the actuation of a predetermined one of said tablets.

4. An apparatus for tuning an organ to justV` pitch in different keys comprising an organ having a plurality of sound producing elements, said elements being arranged to form a musical scale, tuning means associated with each of said sound producing elements, a plurality of solenoids, each of said solenoids having an amature attached to one of said tuning means, each of said solenoids having means for variably controlling said tuning means associated therewith, a plurality of tablet controlled switches, a plurality of electro-magnetic switches, each of electro-magnetic switches being connected to be controlled by a different one of said tablet controlled switches, each of said electro-magnetic switches being connected to control the energization ofsaid solenoids so that said tuning means are energized to tune the corresponding sound producing elements to a predetermined key inf` Number 10 just pitch upon the actuation of a predetermined one of said tablets.

5. Electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling the tuning of pipe organs comprising an organ pipe, a multiple section' solenoid, an armature for said solenoid, said armature comprising a central cylindrical section having a length slightly less than the length of one of the sections of said solenoid and a pair of tapered sections extending from opposite ends of said central cylindrical section, and a tuningr shade for said organ pipe attached to one of said tapered armature sections.

6. Electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling the timing of pipe organs comprising an organ pipe, a solenoid having a plurality of sections arranged side by side with a common axis, an armature for said solenoids, said armature comprising a central cylindrical section having length slightly less than the length of one of the sections of said solenoid and a pair of tapered sections gradually tapering from opposite ends of said central cylindrical section, a tuning shade arranged to variably close an opening of said organ pipe, means for attaching said tuning shade to one of said tapered armature sections, and a source of current supply adapted to energize diiierent ones of said solenoid sections for moving said tuning shade.

7. Electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling the tuning of pipe organs'comprising an organ pipe, a multiple section solenoid, an armature for said solenoid, said armature comprising a central cylindrical section having length slightly less than the length of one of the sections of said solenoid and a pair of tapered sections extending from opposite ends of said centralcylindrical section, and a tuning shade for said organ pipe attached to one of said tapered armature sections, said tuning shade being adapted to control the size of an opening of said organ pipe.

8. Electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling the tuning of pipe organs comprising an organ pipe, a multiple section solenoid, an armature for said solenoid, said armature comprising a central cylindrical section having length slightly less than the length of one of the sections of said solenoid and a pair of tapered sections extending from opposite ends of said central cylindrical section, a tuning shade fortheopen end of said organ pipe attached to one' of said tapered armature sections, and guides for supporting said tuning shade. l

9. Electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling the tuning of pipe organs comprising an organ pipe, a multiple section solenoid, an armature for said solenoid, said armature comprising a cylindrical section and a pair of tapered sections extending from opposite ends of said cylindrical section shaped to promote reliable dead stopping of said cylindrical section in the solenoid section that is energized, and a tuning shade for said organ pipe attached to one of said tapered arma- Vture sections.

ARTHUR JAMES` CHASE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the lfile of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Namey Date 2,259,858 Reid Oct. 2l, 1941 

